I. The University Arrives
Epilogue
80 Tucker, My Generation, 269. 81 Woodrow Wilson, quoted in Tucker, My Generation, 252. 82 Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 1 (August 1906): 313. 83 Leavens and Lord, 13. 84 Tucker, quoted in The Dartmouth 28 (19 October 1906): 57.
Fig. 34. Reconstruction of southeast corner of the Green showing original buildings of the College 85 The Dartmouth 34 (24 June 1912): 1. 86 William Jewett Tucker to Committee on Buildings and Improvements, 28 September 1905, Committee on Buildings and Improvements, DA 502, Dartmouth College Trustees, Special Collections, Dartmouth College Library. 87 Eric Hobsbawm, "Introduction: Inventing Traditions," in Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, eds., The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge, U.K.: The University Press, 1995), 1, 2. 88 Veysey, 283. 89 William Jewett Tucker, "Introduction," in H.J. Hapgood and Craven Laycock, eds. 90 The book is W.C. Hill, Dartmouth Traditions (1902); The Dartmouth 23 (10 January 1902): 240. 91 Hapgood and Laycock eds., 17; Aegis 1896 (1895), 177; Aegis 1906 (1905), 270. 92 The Dartmouth 27 (26 June 1906): 4. 93 Boston Evening Transcript, 27 October 1904. 94 Tucker, My Generation, 278; The Dartmouth 33 (4 December 1911): 3. 95 Tucker, My Generation, 278. 96 The Dartmouth 17 (12 June 1896): 528; The Dartmouth 28 (9 November 1906): 119; The Dartmouth 29 (22 October 1907): 74. 97 Tucker, My Generation, 289. 98 The Dartmouth 21 (26 January 1900): 245; The Dartmouth 23 (20 September 1901): 6. 99 The Dartmouth 23 (27 September 1901): 23, 300. 100 The Dartmouth 28 (5 October 1906): 19. 101 The Dartmouth 21 (20 October 1899): 75. Thomas Curren, "Old Home Day in New Hampshire 1899-1998" (Concord, N.H.: Inherit New Hampshire, Inc., 1998), 8. 102 The Dartmouth 17 (20 September 1895): 7, 8. 103 The Dartmouth 33 (19 October 1911): 2. 104 Celeste Penney, "Historical Perspective," in Sticks, Shingles and Stones: The History and Architecture of Stewart Harshorn's Ideal Community at Short Hills, New Jersey, 1878-1937 (Milburn, N.J.: Milburn-Short Hills Historical Society, 1980), 6. Washington Heights is now the Convent Avenue Baptist Church as Norval White and Elliot Willensky, eds. note in the AIA Guide to New York City (New York: Macmillan Co., 1968), 204. 105 John King Lord, History of Dartmouth College 1815-1901 (Hanover: Dartmouth College, 1913), 421. 106 Bryant Franklin Tolles, Jr. and Carolyn K. Tolles name Thayer as the designer of Barlett in New Hampshire Architecture : An Illustrated Guide (Hanover: University Press of New England for New Hampshire Historical Society, 1977), 295; Leon Burr Richardson, History of Dartmouth College (Hanover: Dartmouth College Publications, 1932), 619. 107 American Architect and Building News 13 (28 April 1883): 201.
Fig. 35. Mt. Morris Bank, New York, N.Y. 108 Eleazar Wheelock, quoted in Francis Brown, ed., A Dartmouth Reader (Hanover, N.H.: Dartmouth Publications, 1969), 19. 109 Montgomery Schuyler, "Architecture of American Colleges VI: Dartmouth, Williams and Amherst," Architectural Record 28, no. 6 (December 1910): 434.
Fig. 36. Reed Hall 110 Tucker, My Generation, 312.
Fig. 37. Crosby Hall 111 Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 1 (August 1906): 304. 112 Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 2 (October 1906): 22. 113 Aegis 1905 (1904), 239. Richardson's term is not clear, but he seems to mean "Colonial." Before this painting the buildings seem to have worn only whitewash; the College later painted Thornton and Wentworth white in 1912 according to The Dartmouth 34 (19 September 1912): 2. 114 The Dartmouth 20 (17 February 1899): 328.
Fig. 38. Wheeler Hall
Fig. 39. Foster-Hutchinson House, Boston
Fig. 40 Mcphedris-Warner House, Portsmouth, N.H. (Chandler, 146).
Fig. 41. Y.W.C.A., Lancaster, Pa. 115 Date and architect unknown, appears on postcard postmarked 1927.
Fig. 42. University Hall (1770-71), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (postcard). 116 Bryant Franklin Tolles, Jr., "The Early Architecture of the New Hampton School," Historical New Hampshire 31, no. 3 (Fall 1976): 84.
Fig. 43. Massachusetts Hall, Harvard (Architectural Record 26, no. 4, 295).
Fig. 44. Connecticut Hall, Yale
Fig. 45. Massachusetts Building, World's Columbian Exposition ("State Buildings," The Vanished City). 117 Charles Alonzo Rich to Ernest Fox Nichols, 25 September 1911, President Nichols's papers, file 16a.
Fig. 46. Second Town-House, Boston (Chamberlain). 118 Morrison, 436. 119 Roth, 150; Rhoads, 1: 171, 2: 664 n.101.
Fig. 47. Richardson Hall 120 The Dartmouth 24 (7 November 1902): 118; The Dartmouth 28 (29 March 1907): 394. 121 Leland M. Roth, McKim, Mead & White, Architects (New York: Harper & Row, 1985), 147. 122 Jens Larson remodeled the upper story of the building in 1920, giving it windows and a more "Georgian" triangular pediment, as The Dartmouth 41 (25 March 1920) explains on p.1. The building became McNutt in 1930 when the Tuck School moved.
Fig. 48. Tuck Hall proposal 123 [Charles Alonzo Rich], drawing of Tuck Hall front facade, file "Butterfield Museum," Special Collections, Dartmouth College.
Fig. 49. Mansions on the Green 124 The Dartmouth 32 (27 June 1911): 3. 125 Lewis Parkhurst, "To the Trustees of Dartmouth College on the Construction of an Administration Building 1910-11," 1911, Presidents Nichols's papers, Dartmouth College Library, Special Collections, file "Buildings (Administration Building)." 126 Ernest Fox Nichols to Charles Alonzo Rich , 11 December 1912, President Nichols's papers, file "Rich C.A. (Robinson)." 127 T.J. McAuliffe of Worcester, Massachusetts carved the reliefs, as well as an earlier lion's head drinking fountain of Tennessee marble in College Hall, according to The Dartmouth 35 (11 December 1913): 3; Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 1 (October 1905): 3.
Fig. 50. Berkeley School, New York 128 One of the lamps Rich brought back from Florence and the other he commissioned to match it, according to The Dartmouth 32 (27 June 1911): 1. This seems unlikely since J.B. McCoy & Sons provided the ornamental iron lamps for $510.50 according to Parkhurst cited above. A letter from Lewis Parkhurst to Ernest Fox Nichols, 18 May 1911, President Nichols's papers, file "Buildings (Administration Building)" quotes Rich as crediting the original lamps to Nicolo Grosso Caparra. James Knox Taylor's Renaissance-inspired U.S. Post Office in San Francisco (1905) also uses the Strozzi lamps according to Aaron Betsky, "Isolated Grandeur," Architecture (July 1997): 147. Rich also placed similar lamps on Dartmouth Hall. Fig. 51. Browne and Merideth Apts., Boston 129 The building is now the Mechanics' and Tradesmen's Institute as Kevin McHugh explains in "Mechanics' and Tradesmen's Institute Designation Report" (New York: New York Landmarks Preservation Commission, 1988), 1; Robert A.M. Stern, Gregory Gilmartin and John Montague Massengale, New York 1900: Metropolitan Architecture and Urbanism, 1890-1915 (New York: Rizzoli, 1983), 86. 130 Roth, 141.
Fig. 52. Milbank Public Bath, New York 131 Virginia Kurshan, "Bryant Park Studios Landmark Designation Report" (New York: New York Landmarks Preservation Commission, 1988), 1.
Fig. 53. Scott Hall, Wesleyan
Fig. 54. The Playhouse, New York 132 Charles Alonzo Rich, [List of commissions]. The New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor ran the baths, later called the Bellevue-Yorkville Health Center. Elizabeth Milbank Anderson was one of Rich's most prolific patrons, also commissioning a master plan (1904) and Brooks Hall (1907) for Barnard College, for which she was a trustee and the largest benefactor. Rich also records Anderson commissions for a library (1895), garage (1906), hospital (1908, 1914), Kentucky School (1911), 40th St. Studio for Mr. Anderson (1912), California home (1912), and mausoleum (1909-12, 1917). A "Children's Aid Building" was a Rich project in 1909, the year Mrs. Anderson funded the large Children's Aid Society's Home for Convalescent Children at Chappaqua, NY, according to Milbank Memorial Fund, Milbank Memorial Fund, a Meeting Commemorating the Twenty-fifth Anniversary (New York, 1930), 14. Mrs. Anderson inherited her relationship with Rich, since her mother had funded Rich's trips abroad and watched over such projects as a building Rich designed for her on 71st St. (1889); "Milbank" (c.1889), the family home in Greenwich that Jeremiah Milbank commissioned before his death; and a stable (1900). Other family members also hired Rich, including J.M. Milbank with a Subway Building (1898) and Albert Milbank (1904). 133 The theater was demolished in 1968, according to Nicholas van Hoogstraten, Lost Broadway Theatres (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1991), 136; Charles Alonzo Rich, [List of commissions]. According to Rich's list his other Wesleyan buildings are Fisk Hall (1903-4), the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity (1904) and an unbuilt Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity (1908), see Carl F. Price, Wesleyan's First Century with an Account of the Centennial Celebration (Middletown, Ct.: Welseyan University, 1932): 156, 253. The Peddie School renamed its building Annenberg Hall when it added a library to the rear in 1993. 134 Ernest Fox Nichols, "The Wilder Physical Laboratory of Dartmouth College," Physical Review 12, no. 6 (June 1901): 371.
Fig. 55. Barnard College, New York 135 Ibid. Schuyler on 434 writes that the roof is flat so as not to block the telescope on the hill behind. 136 Alice Duer Miller and Susan Myers, Barnard College: The First Fifty Years (New York: Columbia University Press, 1939), 52, 152. The Barnard building might have begun as an unbuilt hospital pavilion Rich designed for Mrs. Anderson according to Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, Alma Mater: Design and Experience in theWomen's Colleges from their Nineteenth-Century Beginnings to the 1930s (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984), 142. 137 Montgomery Schuyler, "Architecture of American Colleges IV: New York City Colleges," Architectural Record 27, no. 6 (June 1910): 450. Rich did not settle on this mode for science buildings as Scott Laboratory at Wesleyan and Butler Laboratory at Smith (1913) show. 138Some blamed the fire on faulty wiring, possibly wiring that the College installed during Rich's 1893 renovation. A fire gutted parts of the building in 1935 and Jens Larson installed the interior that exists today, with some changes since that time. The numerals 1784 probably did not appear in the pediment until Larson's work. 139 Tucker quoted in Trustees' Records 5 (20 February 1904): 337. 140 Tucker, Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 1 (August 1906): 304. 141 Richard Guy Wilson, "Jefferson's Lawn: Perceptions, Interpretations, Meanings, "in Wilson, ed., Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village: The Creation of an Architectural Masterpiece (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1993), 55.
Fig. 56. Recitation Room, Dartmouth Hall 142 The Dartmouth 27 (16 February 1906): 259.
Fig. 57. Unpainted Dartmouth Hall 143 The Dartmouth 27 (12 January 1906): 199. 144 The Dartmouth 27 (16 February 1906): 259. 145 Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 1 (August 1906): 304. 146 Vincent J. Scully, Jr., The Shingle Style and the Stick Style: Architectural Theory and Design From Richardson to the Origins of Wright (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), 103. Scully names the designer of the Mallory House as Arthur Rich instead of Charles, though Lamb & Rich designed the house.
Fig. 58. Redstone, Short Hills, N.J. 147 Scully, 102. 148 William Ingraham Russell, The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known Business Man of New York (Jessup Maryland: W.I. Russell, 1907), 97.
Fig. 59. Armour Mansion, New York 149 [Montgomery Schuyler], "Recent Buildings in New York," Harper's New Monthly Magazine 67, no. 300 (September, 1883): 569.
Fig. 60. Old Rider Farm Studio Room 150 C[harles] A[lonzo] R[ich], "The Summer Home of an Architect," American Architect and Building News 26, no. 728 (7 December 1889): 269. "I do not mean by this a fireplace whose opening seems to be measured by a decidedly slim purse, where small billets of wood bought of the grocer by the hundred are used," Rich wrote. 151 The Dartmouth 14 (21 April 1893): 208. 152 The Dartmouth 25 (26 February 1904): 319. 153 Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 1 (February 1906): 149-150; The Dartmouth 27 (26 June 1906): 3. 154 Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 1 (February 1906): 149-150. 155 George Schmidt, The Old Time College President (New York, 1930), 97, cited in Rudolph, 66. 156 Mardges Bacon, "Towards a National Style of Architecture: The Beaux-Arts Interpretation of the Colonial Revival," in The Colonial Revival in America, Alan Axelrod, ed. (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1985), 115-116.
Fig. 61. Redstone hall fireplace 157 American Architect and Building News 20, no. 371 (4 December 1886): 267. 158 The University completely renovated the buildings in 1954 as noted in Howard Williams, A History of Colgate University 1819-1969 (New York: Van Nostrant Reinhold, 1969), 31, 99, 268, 323.
Fig. 62. Antique post in Nuremberg 159 C[harles] A[lonzo] R[ich], "Sketching in Nuremberg," American Architect and Building News 11, no. 316 (14 January 1882): 15-16; [Charles Alonzo Rich], "Sketches on the Wing," American Architect and Building News 11, no. 326 (25 March 1882): 135-7; [Charles Alonzo Rich], "A Splendid Trip," American Architect and Building News 11, no. 330 (22 April 1882): 183-5; [Charles Alonzo Rich], "Caen, and a Romantic Trip," American Architect and Building News 12, no. 342 (15 July 1882): 27-9. 160 Charles Alonzo Rich to Ernest Fox Nichols, 2 May 1912, President Nichols's papers, file 16a.
Fig. 63. Truss in Wentworth Hall 161 Parkhurst has a larger skylight lighting its stairhall; Tuck originally had a skylight to light its commercial museum, and College had a skylight over the second-floor gallery that overlooked the south end of Commons. Wilder also has a skylight. The arched stained-glass window in the rear facade of Robinson Hall is similar to windows in the fronts of Rich's Berkeley School and Milbank Hall. 162 Gavin Townsend, "Lamb & Rich," in The Long Island Country House, Robert B. Mackay, et al., eds. (New York: Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities in association with W.W. Norton & Co., 1997), 243-4. 163 American Architect and Building News 30, no. 841 (6 February 1892): 95. Rich would later install casts of the West Frieze of the Parthenon inside his 1922 Peddie School Memorial Hall in Hightstown, N.J. Other architects did the same: Frank Lloyd Wright had a cast of the Frieze in the stairhall of his home and studio in Oak Park, Illinois early in the century. 164 Dartmouth Bi-Monthly 1 (February 1906): 149. 165 The Dartmouth 23 (31 January 1902): 283. 166 R[ich], "Sketching in Nuremberg,"15.
Fig. 64. Sanborn Hall 167 The Dartmouth 17 (17 April 1896): 394. 168 C[harles] A[lonzo] R[ich], "The Summer Home of an Architect," 266. 169 Scully, 82, n34 notes that Rich's signature appears on a drawing of Emerson's remodeling of the Misses Forbes House in Milton, Ma. in the The Architectural Sketch-Book (the Portfolio Club, Boston) 3, no. 10 (April 1876): plate 37.
 Fig. 65. Dartmouth Hall missing 170 "To the Trustees of Dartmouth College." Rich had probably begun work for the College before Tucker's arrival. 171 The Dartmouth 20 (17 February 1899): 328.
Fig. 66. Proposed Medical School addition 172 The Dartmouth 25 (25 June 1904): 2.
Fig. 67. Nathan Smith Laboratory 173 Lord, History of Dartmouth College 1815-1901, 495. 174 The Dartmouth 29 (1 November 1907): 114.
Fig. 68. Plan of west side of Green in 1899
Fig. 69. Plan of west side of Green in 1906
Fig. 70. Plan of west side of Green in 1911
Fig. 71. Plan of west side of Green in 1914 175 The College bought Sanborn in 1887 and Crosby in 1884 according to Leavens and Lord, 74. The College bought Hubbard in 1898 according to "To the Trustees of Dartmouth College."
Fig. 72. Chandler Hall 176 Now the Blunt Alumni Center, its rear addition replaced Rich's in 1963. 177 The Dartmouth 32 (24 September 1910): 1.
Fig. 73. View of the Green looking north 178 Lord, History of the Town of Hanover, 23. 179 Ibid., 365. 180 Richardson, 649. 181 The Dartmouth 20 (28 April 1899): 449.
|
